Facebook History
Mark Zuckerberg wrote Facemash, the predecessor to Facebook, on October 28, 2003, while attending Harvard as a sophomore. According to The Harvard Crimson, the site was comparable to Hot or Not, and "used photos compiled from the online facebooks of nine houses, placing two next to each other at a time and asking users to choose the 'hotter' person"[18][19]
To accomplish this, Zuckerberg hacked into the protected areas of Harvard's computer network and copied the houses' private dormitory ID images. Harvard at that time did not have a student "facebook" (a directory with photos and basic information), though individual houses had been issuing their own paper facebooks since the mid-1980s. Facemash attracted 450 visitors and 22,000 photo-views in its first four hours online.[18][20]
The site was quickly forwarded to several campus group list-servers, but was shut down a few days later by the Harvard administration. Zuckerberg faced expulsion and was charged by the administration with breach of security, violating copyrights, and violating individual privacy. Ultimately, the charges were dropped.[21] Zuckerberg expanded on this initial project that semester by creating a social study tool ahead of an art history final, by uploading 500 Augustan images to a website, with one image per page along with a comment section.[20] He opened the site up to his classmates, and people started sharing their notes.
The following semester, Zuckerberg began writing code for a new website in January 2004. He was inspired, he said, by an editorial inThe Harvard Crimson about the Facemash incident.[22] On February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg launched "Thefacebook", originally located at thefacebook.com.[23]
Six days after the site launched, three Harvard seniors, Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, and Divya Narendra, accused Zuckerberg of intentionally misleading them into believing he would help them build a social network called HarvardConnection.com, while he was instead using their ideas to build a competing product.[24] The three complained to the Harvard Crimson, and the newspaper began an investigation. The three later filed a lawsuit against Zuckerberg, subsequently settling.[25]
Membership was initially restricted to students of Harvard College, and within the first month, more than half the undergraduate population at Harvard was registered on the service.[26] Eduardo Saverin (business aspects), Dustin Moskovitz (programmer), Andrew McCollum (graphic artist), and Chris Hughes soon joined Zuckerberg to help promote the website. In March 2004, Facebook expanded to Stanford, Columbia, and Yale.[27] It soon opened to the other Ivy League schools, Boston University,New York University, MIT, and gradually most universities in Canada and the United States.[28][29]
In mid-2004, entrepreneur Sean Parker, who had been informally advising Zuckerberg, became the company's president.[30] In June 2004, Facebook moved its base of operations to Palo Alto, California.[27] It received its first investment later that month from PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel.[31] The company dropped The from its name after purchasing the domain name facebook.com in 2005 for $200,000.[32]
| Date |
Users (in millions) |
Days later | Monthly growth[N 2] |
|---|---|---|---|
| August 26, 2008 | 100[33] | 1,665 | 178.38% |
| April 8, 2009 | 200[34] | 225 | 13.33% |
| September 15, 2009 | 300[35] | 160 | 9.38% |
| February 5, 2010 | 400[36] | 143 | 6.99% |
| July 21, 2010 | 500[37] | 166 | 4.52% |
| January 5, 2011 | 600[38][N 3] | 168 | 3.57% |
| May 30, 2011 | 700[39] | 145 | 3.45% |
| September 22, 2011 | 800[40] | 115 | 3.73% |
| April 24, 2012 | 900[41] | 215 | 1.74% |
| October 4, 2012 | 1,000[42] | 163 | 2.04% |
Facebook launched a high-school version in September 2005, which Zuckerberg called the next logical step.[43] At that time, high-school networks required an invitation to join.[44] Facebook later expanded membership eligibility to employees of several companies, including Apple Inc.and Microsoft.[45] Facebook was then opened on September 26, 2006, to everyone of age 13 and older with a valid email address.[46][47]
Late in 2007, Facebook had 100,000 business pages, allowing companies to attract potential customers and tell about themselves. These started as group pages, but a new concept called company pages was planned.[48]
On October 24, 2007, Microsoft announced that it had purchased a 1.6% share of Facebook for $240 million, giving Facebook a total implied value of around $15 billion.[49] Microsoft's purchase included rights to place international ads on Facebook.[50] In October 2008, Facebook announced that it would set up its international headquarters in Dublin, Ireland.[51] In September 2009, Facebook said that it had turned cash-flow positive for the first time.[52] In November 2010, based on SecondMarket Inc., an exchange for shares of privately held companies, Facebook's value was $41 billion (slightly surpassing eBay's) and it became the third largest U.S. Web company after Google and Amazon.[53]
Traffic to Facebook increased steadily after 2009. More people visited Facebook than Google for the week ending March 13, 2010.[54]
In March 2011, it was reported that Facebook removes approximately 20,000 profiles from the site every day for various infractions, including spam, inappropriate content and underage use, as part of its efforts to boost cyber security.[55]
In early 2011, Facebook announced plans to move to its new headquarters, the former Sun Microsystems campus in Menlo Park, California.[56][57]
Release of statistics by DoubleClick showed that Facebook reached one trillion page views in the month of June 2011, making it the most visited website of those tracked by DoubleClick.[58]
According to the Nielsen Media Research study, released in December 2011, Facebook is the second most accessed website in the US (behind Google).[59]
In March 2012, Facebook announced App Center, an online mobile store which sells applications that connect to Facebook. The store will be available to iPhone,Android and mobile web users.[60]
Facebook, Inc. held an initial public offering on May 17, 2012, negotiating a share price of $38 apiece, valuing the company at $104 billion, the largest valuation to date for a newly listed public company.[61]
On July 2012, Facebook added a gay marriage icon to its timeline feature.[62]
On August 23, 2012, Facebook released the much anticipated update to its iOS app, version 5.0. The app, which did not receive positive sentiments from its users, was rebuilt from the ground up; the app no longer uses page views which made it slow in the past but now utilizes code that uses native elements of iOS.[63]
On January 15, 2013, Facebook announced their new product Graph Search, which provides users with a “precise answer” rather than a link to an answer by leveraging the data already present on its site.[64] Facebook emphasized that the feature would be "privacy-aware," returning only results from content already shared with the user.[65]
